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Pedro M Teixeira

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Category Archives: Ethics

p-Hacking – A call for ethics

20 Fri Apr 2018

Posted by Pedro M Teixeira in Class Content, Ethics, Statistics

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Tags

estatística, p-Hacking

O p-Hacking tem sido identificado como uma das principais ameaças à credibilidade e à replicabilidade da investigação científica. De forma simplificada, p-Hacking consiste em ‘torturar os dados’ durante tempo suficiente e de forma criativa até que eles confessem algo, nomeadamente, até que o valor p seja inferiror a 0.05.

A demanda pelo estatisticamente significativo (p < 0.05) leva a que se faça de tudo um pouco para obter esse resultado. Existem diversas abordagens (e.g. a exclusão de outliers univariados e/ou multivariados, a seleção de V.I. através de modelos stepwise hierárquicos, a remoção estratégica de V.I. em modelos múltiplos) e são todas legítimas, de um ponto de vista estritamente analítico, para obter resultados cujo valor p seja < 0.05.

A validade das conclusões obtidas por esses métodos é que é questionável, de um ponto de vista científico, uma vez que existe uma forte possibilidade de se tratarem de falsos positivos. Dito de outra forma, meros artefactos estatísticos.

A pré-especificação analítica nos protocolos de investigação submetidos às comissões de ética poderá ajudar a conter o enviesamento devido ao p-Hacking e contribuir para o seu estudo.

 

phacking

Munafo et al, 2017

 

 

My Trump is bigger than yours – American Tragedy

09 Wed Nov 2016

Posted by Pedro M Teixeira in Ethics

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Politics

One thing I’ve learned is that when tragedy happens life goes on. Trump was elected president of the United States of America. It’s a tragedy. Life goes on. What concerns me about tragedies that occurred is whether or not they could have been prevented. Sadly, some times they can’t be prevented… I’ll keep my analysis simple and short:

Are Americans stupid? No. No more than Germans, Spanish or Portuguese. Then, why was Trump elected? Trump was elected because the system is rotten. And why is the system rotten? Because too many of us comply on a daily basis with the ethical decay of the system. I’m not a guardian of ethics and morals but the only way societies became closer to something we may call civilization was by developing a culture of justice based on ethics. Other than that, in the past kings were crowned and countries were founded on the basis of the rule – my trump is bigger than yours. We either recover a culture of justice based on ethics or we return to a society type were being civilized means: I get to say how it is because my trump is bigger than yours. Time is running out.

 

 

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